Infants and Children Prenatal through Middle Childhood 8th Edition TestBank

Infants and Children Prenatal through Middle Childhood 8th Edition TestBank

CHAPTER 12
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1) In Piaget’s concrete operational stage,
A) thought is more logical, flexible, and organized than it was during early childhood.
B) the focus is on coordination of sensation and action through reflexive behaviors.
C) the child learns to use and represent objects by images, words, and drawings.
D) individuals move beyond concrete experiences and begin to think abstractly.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 429
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.1
2) Eight-year-old Daniel focuses on several aspects of a problem and relates them, rather than centering on just one. Daniel
is capable of
A) decentration.
B) conservation.
C) reversibility.
D) seriation.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 429
Skill: Apply
Objective: 12.1
3) Nine-year-old Ryan thinks through a series of steps and then mentally reverses direction, returning to the starting point.
Ryan is capable of
A) conservation.
B) reversibility.
C) decentration.
D) seriation.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 429
Skill: Apply
Objective: 12.1
4) Which of the following children shows awareness of classification hierarchies?
A) Nick, who enjoys lining all of his action figures up and arranging them from shortest to tallest
B) Paige, who draws a map of her neighborhood, complete with landmarks and streets
C) Isabel, who spends hours sorting and resorting her collection of bracelets, grouping them first by color, then by size,
and finally by shape
D) Jorge, who pretends he is king and that his little brothers are the commoners who must do his will
Answer: C
Page Ref: 430
Skill: Apply
Objective: 12.1
5) Heather is lining up crayons in order from shortest to longest. This skill is known as
A) continuum of acquisition.
B) decentration.
C) conservation of length.
D) seriation.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 430
Skill: Apply
Objective: 12.1
6) Mrs. Hartley asked her second graders to draw a map of the school using their memory. The students’ cognitive maps will
probably
A) have an accurate arrangement.
B) include landmarks.
C) incorporate map symbols and a key.
D) depict an organized route of travel.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 430
Skill: Apply
Objective: 12.1
7) When Kelli, a researcher, asks school-age children in a small city in India to draw maps of their neighborhoods, Kelli will
probably see maps that depict
A) main streets.
B) key directions.
C) people and vehicles.
D) formal, extended space.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 431
Skill: Apply
Objective: 12.1
8) A child in the concrete operational stage will have the most trouble with which of the following?
A) abstract ideas
B) concrete information
C) information she can perceive directly
D) dual representation
Answer: A
Page Ref: 432
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.2
9) Eleven-year-old Nathan first grasped conservation of number, followed by length, liquid, mass, and then weight. This
limitation of concrete operational thinking is known as
A) transitive inference.
B) continuum of acquisition.
C) adaptability.
D) conservation of thought.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 432
Skill: Apply
Objective: 12.2
10) Cross-cultural research suggests that
A) compared to non-Western societies, comprehension of conservation in Western societies is greatly delayed.
B) Non-Western and Western children attain conservation at about the same age.
C) taking part in everyday activities helps children master conservation and other Piagetian problems.
D) conservation is not a relevant concept in non-Western societies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 432
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.2
11) Follow-up research on concrete operational thought shows that when children of the same age are tested, those
__________ do better on transitive inference problems.
A) with well-developed language skills
B) who spend long hours engaged in make-believe play
C) with advanced metacognitive skills
D) who have been in school longer
Answer: D
Page Ref: 432
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.2
12) On the basis of cross-cultural research, some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian
tasks
A) emerge earlier in collectivist than individualist cultures.
B) emerge spontaneously in children from diverse cultures.
C) are heavily influenced by heredity.
D) are heavily influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 433
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.2
13) Some Neo-Piagetian theorists argue that the development of operational thinking can best be understood in terms of
A) a sudden shift to a new developmental stage.
B) a gradual mastery of logical concepts as children age.
C) expansion of information-processing capacity.
D) children’s interaction with adults and more skilled social models.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 433
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.2
14) Accordingly to Case, once the schemes of a Piagetian stage are sufficiently automatic and integrated into an improved
representation, children acquire __________ that permit them to think more effectively in a wide range of situations.
A) abstract ideas
B) primary systems
C) discontinuous structures
D) central conceptual structures
Answer: D
Page Ref: 433
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.2
15) Daniella loves to listen to and tell stories but rarely draws pictures. Daniella displays __________ advanced central
conceptual structures in __________.
A) less; storytelling
B) no; storytelling
C) more; storytelling
D) more; drawing
Answer: C
Page Ref: 433
Skill: Apply
Objective: 12.2
16) Which of the following best characterizes Piaget’s view of cognitive development in middle childhood?
A) continuous improvement in logical skills
B) discontinuous restructuring of children’s thinking
C) biological prewiring of processes
D) random change in cognitive processes
Answer: B
Page Ref: 434
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.2
17) As the prefrontal cortex develops in middle childhood, executive function undergoes marked improvement and children
make gains in
A) information-processing speed.
B) information-processing capacity.
C) strategic thinking.
D) rehearsing.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 434
Skill: Remember
Objective: 12.3
18) Many studies confirm that children with persistent learning difficulties in reading and math are often
A) from advantaged backgrounds.
B) deficient in working memory.
C) families who don’t value education.
D) skilled at inhibition.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 435
Skill: Understand
Objective: 12.3
19) Which of the following statements about children with very low working-memory scores is true?
A) About 30 percent of children have very low working-memory scores.
B) They can benefit from direct training with working memory tasks.
C) Children from economically advantaged families are likely to score low on working-memory tasks.
D) The majority of children with low working-memory scores improve without intervention.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 435
Skill: Remember
Objective: 12.3
20 During middle childhood, attention becomes
A) less controlled.
B) more rigid.
C) less planful.
D) more selective.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 436
Skill: Remember
Objective: 12.3